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List of conurbations in the United Kingdom
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A conurbation is formed when towns expand sufficiently that their urban areas join up with each other. This process has happened many times in the United Kingdom, with London being the most famous example of this type of development. Green Belts were introduced in the 20th century to try to stop new conurbations forming.
Rank Urban Area Population(2001 Census) Major localities Belfast, Castlereagh, Greenisland, Holywood
12 Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton 461,181 10 Brighton, Worthing, Hove, Littlehampton, Shoreham, Lancing
13 Edinburgh 452,194 2 Edinburgh, Musselburgh
14 Portsmouth Urban Area 442,252 7 Portsmouth, Gosport, Waterlooville, Fareham
15 Leicester Urban Area 441,213 12 Leicester, Wigston, Oadby, Birstall
16 Bournemouth Urban Area 383,713 5 Bournemouth, Poole, Christchurch, New Milton
17 Reading/Wokingham Urban Area 369,804 5 Reading, Bracknell, Wokingham, Crowthorne
18 Teesside 365,323 7 Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees, Redcar, Billingham
19 The Potteries Urban Area 362,403 3 Stoke-on-Trent, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Kidsgrove
20 Coventry/Bedworth Urban Area 336,452 3 Coventry, Bedworth, Exhall
21 Cardiff Urban Area 327,706 4 Cardiff, Penarth, Dinas Powys, Radyr
22 Birkenhead Urban Area 319,675 5 Birkenhead, Ellesmere Port, Wallasey, Bebington
23 Southampton Urban Area 304,400 3 Southampton, Eastleigh, Bishopstoke
24 Kingston upon Hull 301,416 1 Kingston upon Hull
25 Swansea Urban Area 270,506 4 Swansea, Neath, Port Talbot, Clydach, Pontardawe
There is a spectrum that can be drawn between the conurbations that have a clear 'head' (such as Nottingham, Southampton) to those that don't - known as multi-centred conurbations (such as Bournemouth/Poole and Teesside) - via ones that are more borderline (West Midlands). In the case of the West Midlands, for example, the largest city, Birmingham did expand massively and is now considered to include areas that were formerly independent towns, such as Sutton Coldfield and Aston. However, here it stopped, with the Black Country and Wolverhampton retaining strong identities.
   In various parts of the country are more borderline cases, where the areas expanded into didn't necessarily have strong identities as towns. However, the areas do retain separate local government structures, and are therefore considered conurbations by the ONS, on this basis :
There are also various places where whilst not actually running into each other, the amount of development in a large area is substantial. Heavily built up areas of this type include :
  • South Hampshire, consisting of the Portsmouth and Southampton areas mentioned above, was considered for metropolitan county status in the 1970s
  • West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire, which are both heavily built up but not entirely devoid of countryside (both are metropolitan counties)
  • Cardiff/Newport, consisting of the cities of Cardiff and Newport, Cwmbran, much of the eastern South Wales Valleys with towns such as Risca, Ebbw Vale, Pontypool and Caerphilly and part of the Vale of Glamorgan including Penarth and Barry. The entire Merseyside/Warrington/Greater Manchester area (2821sq km) isn't much bigger than West Yorkshire (2029sq km) but has a population topping 4 million in comparison to the 1.5 million of West Yorkshire. There are gaps of countryside between towns on the way from Liverpool to Manchester, but not especially big ones. The area between is protected as part of a Green Belt, to stop the conurbation proceeding further.
       The metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear is almost a quarter of the size of West Yorkshire, but the two main settlements (Newcastle/Tyneside and Sunderland/Wearside) are not part of the same conurbation due to the fact that a gap of countryside exists between South Tyneside and Sunderland.
       Smaller examples of conurbations also exist on a more local level. For example, Harrogate runs into Knaresborough, Warwick runs into Leamington Spa, Luton runs into Dunstable, and Grimsby runs into Cleethorpes.

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